The security concept that ensures the party that created or sent data cannot deny having sent it.

The security concept that ensures the party that created or sent data cannot deny having sent it.

• A. Confidentiality
• B. Non-repudiation
• C. Availability
• D. Integrity

Answer: (B)

Non-repudiation is the assurance that the origin of data and its integrity can be proven, so the party that created or sent data cannot later deny having done so. In practice, this is achieved with mechanisms like digital signatures, which bind the sender to the content with their private key and can be verified by others using the sender’s public key, often supported by logs or receipts that provide verifiable delivery evidence. This goes beyond simply keeping data secret (confidentiality), keeping systems available (availability), or ensuring data hasn’t been altered (integrity); it specifically ensures you cannot repudiate having sent or created the data. For example, a digitally signed email or document allows the recipient to prove who sent it and that it hasn’t been tampered with since signing.

Non-repudiation is the assurance that the origin of data and its integrity can be proven, so the party that created or sent data cannot later deny having done so. In practice, this is achieved with mechanisms like digital signatures, which bind the sender to the content with their private key and can be verified by others using the sender’s public key, often supported by logs or receipts that provide verifiable delivery evidence. This goes beyond simply keeping data secret (confidentiality), keeping systems available (availability), or ensuring data hasn’t been altered (integrity); it specifically ensures you cannot repudiate having sent or created the data. For example, a digitally signed email or document allows the recipient to prove who sent it and that it hasn’t been tampered with since signing.